-->Ibn Khaldûn hatte ich schon mal erwähnt , und warum Arthur B. Laffer und seine
Laffer Kurve zu Unrecht als Entdecker dieses Zusammenhanges gilt, beschreibt nachstehender Absatz aus Ibn Khaldûns -"Introduction to History". Das Buch wurde vor über 600 Jahren verfasst. Wer Zusammenhang mit den heutigen Problemen in D-land sieht - überinterpretiert den nachstehenden Text:-)

Taxation and the reason for low and high tax revenues

"It should be known that at the beginning of a dynasty, taxation yields a large revenue from small assessments. At the end of the dynasty, taxation yields a small revenue from large assessments.

The reason for this is that when the dynasty follows the ways of Islam, it imposes only such taxes as are stipulated by the religious law, such as charity taxes, the land tax, and the poll tax. These have fixed limits that cannot be exceeded.

When the dynasty follows the ways of group feeling and (political) superiority, it necessarily has at first a desert attitude, as has been mentioned before. The desert attitude requires kindness, reverence, humility, respect for the property of other people, and disinclination to appropriate it, except in rare instances. Therefore, the individual imposts and assessments, which together constitute the tax revenue, are low. When tax assessments and imposts upon the subjects are low, the latter have the energy and desire to do things. Cultural enterprises grow and increase, because the low taxes bring satisfaction. When cultural enterprises grow, the number of individual imposts and assessments mounts. In consequence, the tax revenue, which is the sum total of (the individual assessments), increases.

When the dynasty continues in power and their rulers follow each other in succession, they become sophisticated. The Bedouin attitude and simplicity lose their significance, and the Bedouin qualities of moderation and restraint disappear. Royal authority with its tyranny and sedentary culture that stimulates sophistication, make their appearance. The people of the dynasty then acquire qualities of character related to cleverness. Their customs and needs become more varied because of the prosperity and luxury in which they are immersed. As a result, the individual imposts and assessments upon the subjects, agricultural labourers, farmers, and all the other taxpayers, increase. Every individual impost and assessment is greatly increased, in order to obtain a higher tax revenue. Customs duties are placed upon articles of commerce and (levied) at the city gates. Then, gradual increases in the amount of the assessments succeed each other regularly, in correspondence with the gradual increase in the luxury customs and many needs of the dynasty and the spending required in connection with them. Eventually, the taxes will weigh heavily upon the subjects and overburden them. Heavy taxes become an obligation and tradition, because the increases took place gradually, and no one knows specifically who increased them or levied them. They lie upon the subjects like an obligation and tradition.

The assessments increase beyond the limits of equity. The result is that the interest of the subjects in cultural enterprises disappears, since when they compare expenditures and taxes with their income and gain and see the little profit they make, they lose all hope. Therefore, many of them refrain from all cultural activity. The result is that the total tax revenue goes down, as individual assessments go down. Often, when the decrease is noticed, the amounts of individual imposts are increased. This is considered a means of compensating for the decrease. Finally, individual imposts and assessments reach their limit. It would be of no avail to increase them further. The costs of all cultural enterprise are now too high, the taxes are too heavy, and the profits anticipated fail to materialize. Finally, civilization is destroyed, because the incentive for cultural activity is gone. It is the dynasty that suffers from the situation, because it profits from cultural activity.

If one understands this, he will realize that the strongest incentive for cultural activity is to lower as much as possible the amounts of individual imposts levied upon persons capable of undertaking cultural enterprises. In this manner, such persons will be psychologically disposed to undertake them, because they can be confident of making a profit from them."

-->werde mich mal hinsetzen und das kurz übersetzen. Ist es wert, denke ich.

Gruß
R

-->

-->Hallo

Die"Muqaddima" Ibn Khaldums erschien im Jahre 2000 in einer atemberaubend schönen Ausgabe, die auch bibliophilen Genuß beschert, auf deutsch im Verlag
Wirtschaft und Finanzen in Düsseldorf, ISBN: 3-87881-153-5.
(Ich bekomme keine Provision!)

Gruß

G.

-->>Hallo
>Die"Muqaddima" Ibn Khaldums erschien im Jahre 2000 in einer atemberaubend schönen Ausgabe, die auch bibliophilen Genuß beschert, auf deutsch im Verlag
>Wirtschaft und Finanzen in Düsseldorf, ISBN: 3-87881-153-5.
>(Ich bekomme keine Provision!)
>Gruß
>G.
Lieber @Galiani,
Hier die Erklärung eines Bibliomanen:
Die Muqaddima ist ein Werk von über 1500 Seiten wie Du aus dem nachstehenden bibliographischen Auszug der ersten englischen Übersetzung von Rosenthal ersehen kannst.

Edition: 1st Edition
Publisher: Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, UK
Date Published: 1958
Description: 19 Plates, 3 Figures. Very Good+/Very Good, Very Good+/Very Good-, Very Good+/Very Good- Size=6. 5"x9. 5" Hard Covers w/DustJackets 1547pp(Index)"First Complete English Translation". DJs nicked head/foot of spines, at fore-edge corners, DJ tears 1/2"-Vol. 1, 1", 1/2" Vol. 2, 1/2" Vol. 3, 3/16" DJ chips(2), Vol. 3, Vol. 2 coffee? spoted rear cover, ink owner name/date on front endpapers of all 3 volumes, o. w. clean & tight. Price unclipped. Contents bright.

Dagegen ist die Handelsblatt Ausgabe ein mickriger Auszug von 100 Seiten, der sich mit einem Teil der ökonomischen Themen des Werkes befasst (s.u.).

Ibn Khaldun
Ã-konomie aus Al-Muqaddima
Faksimile (in Auszügen) der 1401/02 entstandenen Handschrift (MS Atif Effendi 1936, Süleymaniye-Bibliothek, Istanbul). Mit deutscher Übersetzung
Klassiker der Nationalökonomie

100 Seiten. Gebunden.
Euro 604,-/CHF 967,-
Erschienen am: 10.12.2000
ISBN 3-87881-153-5

Bevor ich (selbst für dieses erlauchte Forum) ein bibiophiles Buch wie obiges, so aufbreche, dass ich es scannen kann, müsste schon jemand mit einem Prügel hinter mir stehen. Aber, lieber @Galiani, Deine Mahnung geht auch aus einem anderen Grund ins Leere: Die zitierte Stelle ist in der Handelsblatt-Veröffentlichung nämlich gar nicht enthalten, weil sie nicht zum Kern der ökonomischen Ausführungen Khaldûns gehört. Nun fürchte ich, dass Du es so genau auch wieder nicht wissen wolltest!?
Mit biliomanischen Grüßen
Popeye