Re: Masernimpfung IST NICHT SINNVOLL.?????

verfasst von alberich, 17.03.2003, 14:25

-->Hallo Schlaufuchs,

jeder Eingriff in einen lebenden Organismus birgt seine eigenen Gefahren. Eine Impfung ist m.E. immer dann sinnvoll, wenn Art und Umfang zu erwartender Schädigungen geringer sind als bei Nicht-Impfung. Wie der folgende Text zeigt, sind die Schädigungen die 'Natur'-Masern hervorrufen können nicht zu vernachlässigen (siehe 'Morbidity').

Tritt bei einer Impfung z.B. in 1 von 5.000 Impfungen Hirnhautentzündung auf und ist die natürliche Rate 1 von 1.000 z.B. Kindern (früher hat ja jeder die Masern bekommen), ist die Impfung das kleinere Risiko.

So einfach ist das.

Gesunde Grüße

alberich


P.S. Deine Quelle impfschaden.info arbeitet leider mit vielen qualitativen Aussagen, Quantifizierungen die für eine klare Einschätzung unbedingt erforderlich sind fehlen, leider.



MEASLES (Masern)
Quelle: emedicine.com

Background: Measles virus (MV), a negative-sense enveloped RNA virus, is a member of the Morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Measles is a highly communicable acute disease marked by prodromal fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and pathognomonic enanthem (ie, Koplik spots), followed by an erythematous maculopapular rash on the third to seventh day. Infection confers lifelong immunity.

A generalized immunosuppression that follows acute measles frequently predisposes patients to bacterial otitis media and bronchopneumonia. In approximately 0.1% of cases, measles causes acute encephalitis. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare chronic degenerative disease that occurs several years after measles infection. Because of a failure to deliver at least 1 dose of measles vaccine to all infants in certain industrialized and developing nations, measles remains a common disease in certain regions and is the major infectious cause of mortality worldwide for children younger than 5 years.

Maternal antibodies play a significant role in protection against infection in infants younger than 1 year and may interfere with live-attenuated measles vaccination. A single dose of measles vaccine administered to a child older than 12 months induces protective immunity in 95% of recipients. Because MV is highly contagious, a 5% susceptible population is sufficient to sustain periodic outbreaks in otherwise highly vaccinated populations. A second dose of vaccine, now recommended for all school-aged children in the United States, induces immunity in about 95% of the 5% who do not respond to the first dose. Slight genotypic variation in recently circulating strains has not affected the protective efficacy of live-attenuated measles vaccines.

Vitamin A supplementation during acute measles significantly reduces risks of morbidity and mortality.


Pathophysiology: MV is spread by aerosol and enters the susceptible host by the respiratory route. Initial infection and viral replication occur locally in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells. After 2-4 days, MV infects local lymphatic tissues, perhaps carried by pulmonary macrophages. Following the amplification of MV in regional lymph nodes, a predominantly cell-associated viremia disseminates the virus to a variety of organs prior to the appearance of rash. In individuals with deficiencies in cellular immunity, MV causes a progressive and often fatal giant cell pneumonia. Measles causes an immunosuppression marked by decreases in delayed-type hypersensitivity, interleukin-12 production, and antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses that persist for weeks to months after the acute infection. Immunosuppression may predispose individuals to severe bacterial infection, particularly bronchopneumonia, a major cause of measles-related mortality among younger children.


Frequency:


In the US: The practice of administering 2 doses of live-attenuated measles vaccine to children to prevent school outbreaks of measles was implemented after the last major US outbreak in 1991. This practice interrupted the transmission of indigenous MV in the United States by 1993 and reduced incidence of measles to an historic low (<0.5 cases per million persons) by 1997-1999. Virologic data now indicate that only imported virus strains have been transmitted in the United States since 1997.
Internationally: Approximately 30 million measles cases are reported annually. Most reported cases are from Africa. In 1998, the reported cases of measles per 100,000 total population reported to the World Health Organization was 1.6 in the Americas, 8.2 in Europe, 11.1 in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 4.2 in South East Asia, 5.0 in the Western Pacific region, and 61.7 in Africa.
Mortality/Morbidity:

Morbidity: Common infectious complications include otitis media, bronchopneumonia, laryngotracheobronchitis (ie, croup), and diarrhea. Rare complications include hepatitis, encephalitis, and SSPE. Transient hepatitis may occur during an acute infection. Approximately 1 of every 1000 patients develops acute encephalitis, which often results in permanent brain damage. SSPE, a degenerative CNS disease, can result from a persistent measles infection. SSPE is characterized by the onset of behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after an acute infection (the mean incubation period for SSPE is approximately 10.8 y).
Mortality: Measles-related mortality, most often due to respiratory and neurologic complications, occurs in 0.1-0.3% of reported US cases. Worldwide, measles causes approximately 880,000 deaths each year. An estimated 85% of these deaths occur in Africa and Southeast Asia. Case-fatality rates are higher among children younger than 5 years. Highest fatality rates are among infants aged 4-12 months and in children who are immunocompromised because of HIV infection or other causes.
Race: Measles affects people of all races.

Sex:

Excess mortality following acute measles has been observed among females at all ages, but it is most marked in adolescents and young adults.
Excessive non-measles-related mortality has also been observed among female recipients of high-titer measles vaccines in Senegal, Guinea Bissau, and Haiti.
Age: Age-specific attack rates may be highest in susceptible infants younger than 12 months, school-aged children, or young adults, depending on local immunization practices and incidence of the disease. Complications such as otitis media, bronchopneumonia, laryngotracheobronchitis (ie, croup), and diarrhea occur more commonly in young children.

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    • Re: Panikmache? - Euklid, 17.03.2003, 11:34
      • Re: Panikmache? - Cosa, 17.03.2003, 11:56
        • Masernimpfung IST NICHT SINNVOLL. - SchlauFuchs, 17.03.2003, 12:24
          • Re: Masernimpfung IST NICHT SINNVOLL.????? - alberich, 17.03.2003, 14:25
    • Re: Panikmache? - Sushicat, 17.03.2003, 11:52
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