Altes Elliott-Wellen-Forum - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken

Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken

verfasst von thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 02:27

-->Durch die Zeitverschiebung konnte ich einen befreundeten Professor an der Harvard University telefonisch erreichen.

Er versteht unsere Aufregung ar nicht und hat mich auf ca. 1.000 Web-Seiten zum Thema"Fractional Reserve Banking (FRB)" verwiesen.

Unser heutiges Geldsystem beinhaltet eben FRB und nich 100 % Deckung durch Zentralbankgeld. Besonders interessant war für mich seine Erläuterung zu FRB mit Golddeckung und ohne Golddeckung.

Zu unserem Thema nur eine kleine Auswahl:

http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/frb.html

Fractional Reserve Banking

Let's see how the fractional reserve process works, in the absence of a central bank. I set up a Rothbard Bank, and invest $1,000 of cash (whether gold or government paper does not matter here). Then I"lend out" $10,000 to someone, either for consumer spending or to invest in his business. How can I"lend out" far more than I have? Ahh, that's the magic of the"fraction" in the fractional reserve. I simply open up a checking account of $10,000 which I am happy to lend to Mr. Jones. Why does Jones borrow from me? Well, for one thing, I can charge a lower rate of interest than savers would. I don't have to save up the money myself, but simply can counterfeit it out of thin air. (In the nineteenth century, I would have been able to issue bank notes, but the Federal Reserve now monopolizes note issues.) Since demand deposits at the Rothbard Bank function as equivalent to cash, the nation's money supply has just, by magic, increased by $10,000. The inflationary, counterfeiting process is under way.

http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north86.html

FRACTIONAL RESERVES WITH GOLD

The familiar story of how fractional reserve banking began may be mythical historically, but it does accurately describe the process.

A goldsmith accepts gold bullion as a deposit from a gold owner who wants to have the goldsmith fashion the gold into something lovely. The goldsmith issues a receipt for this specific quantity and fineness of gold. The recipient then finds that he can buy things with the receipt, as if it were gold. The receipt is"as good as gold."

Next, the goldsmith discovers something wonderful for him. He can issue receipts for gold for which there is no gold in reserve. These receipts circulate as if they were 100% reserve receipts. They are"as good as what is as good as gold." He can spend them into circulation. Better yet, he can loan them into circulation and receive interest. The new money is cheaper to produce than mining the gold that each receipt promises to pay. The restriction of the money supply that is imposed by the cost of mining is now removed. This is supposedly the origin of fractional reserve banking.

After 1500, yes. Not in the medieval era, I think. I cannot imagine anyone with gold in the late middle ages who would trust a goldsmith with his gold for more than a few days. I also cannot imagine why he would want to spend the receipt. After all, the gold is being hammered into something of beauty. It is becoming more valuable.

There is no doubt that goldsmiths in early modern times did begin to take on the function of banks. At some point, goldsmith-bankers did begin to lend receipts to gold that were not 100% backed by gold. They did begin to collect interest payments from borrowers who believed that there was enough gold in reserve to pay off receipts under normal circumstances. Banking in Spain during the sixteenth century adopted fractional reserves, and a series of banking house bankruptcies in second half of the century proved it. The Emperor, Charles V, had legalized the system. As usual, the State authorized the practice of fractional reserve banking as a means of financing itself. It wanted a ready market for its debt.

In a world where all of the receipts for gold that are backed 100% by gold (money-certificates) look identical to receipts for gold that are not backed by gold (fiduciary media), the issuing bank faces an opportunity and a threat. The opportunity is to receive something (interest payments) for practically nothing (unbacked receipts for gold). The threat is that word may get out that the bank has issued more receipts for gold than there is gold in reserve, which everyone pretty well knows, especially rival bankers. Then there could be a run on the bank. Bankers who get greedy and issue too many receipts can get caught short. Those people who hold receipts may come down and demand payment of their gold. The gold is not the bank's gold. It is a liability to the bank. The bank has assets to offset the liabilities: credit issued to borrowers. But the receipt-holders are lining up now, and the borrowers do not have to pay until the debts come due, one by one. The bank is"borrowed short" and"lent long." The squeeze is on. The banker then has to go into his Jimmy Stewart routine from"It's a Wonderful Life," or else face bankruptcy. Not every banker can get Donna Reed to come in and help with the performance.

Everything in bank legislation is tied to one of two goals: preventing bank runs or bailing out bankrupt banks before the panic spreads to other banks. That is, everything in banking legislation is geared to the systematic violation of contracts, either before the bank run or after it begins.

The gold standard for centuries kept fractional reserve banking in golden chains. For over a century - indeed, ever since the creation of the privately owned (until 1946) Bank of England in 1694 - central bank policy and government policy have combined to extract physical gold from the owners and transfer it to members of a cartel: bankers. The policy has worked, decade after decade. First, the gold is exchanged for receipts, which are convenient. More receipts are issued than there is gold in reserve. Then, when the bank run begins - always at the outbreak of a major war - the government passes legislation allowing banks to refuse payment of gold during the national emergency.

Every currency devaluation should be understood as the breaking of contract, Mises argued: a violation of contract. He wrote in Theory of Money and Credit:

Credit money has always originated in a suspension of the convertibility into cash of Treasury notes or banknotes (sometimes the suspension was even extended to token coins or to bank deposits) that were previously convertible at any time on the demand of the bearer and were already in circulation. Now whether the original obligation of immediate conversion was expressly laid down by the law or merely founded on custom, the suspension of conversion has always taken on the appearance of a breach of the law that could perhaps be excused, but not justified; for the coins or notes that became credit money through the suspension of cash payment could never have been put into circulation otherwise than as money substitutes, as secure claims to a sum of commodity money payable on demand. Consequently, the suspension of immediate convertibility has always been decreed as a merely temporary measure, and a prospect held out of its future rescission. But if credit money is thought of only as a promise to pay,"devaluation" cannot be regarded as anything but a breach of the law, or as meaning anything less than national bankruptcy (p. 233).
http: //www.econlib.org/library/Mises/msT5.html

Because devaluation is theft by the government, or by its chartered central bank, no one ever gets prosecuted. After World War I, European central bankers persuaded their governments to allow them to keep the stolen gold. Commercial banks were not declared bankrupt by the State for having refused to redeem the receipts, with the owners' gold being returned to them on a pro-rata basis, as would take place in any normal bankruptcy procedure. Instead, the nationally organized gold thieves who had broken their contracts were allowed to keep the stolen goods at cartel headquarters: the national central bank.

The major national exception to this post-World War I central bank strategy of gold collection was the United States. Here, the public had not been persuaded to exchange all of their gold coins for bank receipts. So, in 1933, Franklin Roosevelt unconstitutionally confiscated Americans' gold that was still outside the banks. By unilateral executive order, he made it illegal for American citizens to own any gold coins that had no numismatic value. The government paid the owners $20.67 per ounce. Once the gold was in the possession of the Treasury, Roosevelt officially hiked the price to $35 on January 31, 1934. The Fed then bought the gold from the Treasury by creating new money. This newly issued money was then spent into circulation by the Treasury. The Fed now holds the gold - demonetized - as part of the monetary base.

So, worldwide, governments and central banks steadily removed gold coins from the economy, thereby demonetizing gold. It was the most successful systematic theft operation in human history. It was all done officially. It was all done with paper IOU's to gold that were revoked by sovereign governments, which in turn chose not to be sued by their victims. The public now is unfamiliar with gold coins as a medium of exchange. That was the whole point. The central banks now answer only to bond traders and investors - a narrow market compared to gold coin holders in 1790 or 1890.

This is what every government-operated gold standard has come to. When holders of receipts for gold could sue private local banks that refused to honor those receipts, the gold standard restrained the fractionally reserved commercial banks' proclivity to inflate. When, after World War I, commercial banks and central banks colluded with national governments to allow the banking system to default, and then pass the loot on to the central banks, the gold standard ended. The gold standard was nationalized by governments, then abolished. The central banks thereby demonetized gold, so that they could more efficiently monetize government debt. That was fine with all national governments, whose leaders always want ready markets for the State's debt. This has been the evolution of central banking from 1694 until today.

FRACTIONAL RESERVES WITHOUT GOLD

Commercial banks are still fractionally reserved, but gold is not related to bank accounts any longer. How does the system work today?

A potential depositor goes down to his bank and sees what savings plans are available. He is told that he can make a deposit and get paid interest on it, but withdraw his money at any time. He can have his cake and eat it, too.

The warning bells should go off in the depositor's head, but bankers have done everything possible to keep warning bells from going off. The depositor should ask:"How can the borrower of my money be able to return the money - my money - on the day that I want it back?" He doesn't ask, but he should. The new-accounts lady's misleading but correct answer is:"We keep money in reserve."

More bells."But how can you make a profit if all of the money we depositors deposit is kept in reserve?" Here, the nicely dressed, low-paid woman sends you to the Assistant Manager. You repeat the question. Her answer is straightforward:"We don't keep all of the money on reserve. We keep 3% of it on reserve. We send it to the regional Federal Reserve Bank. We lend out the rest."

More warning bells."But what if we depositors want to withdraw a total of 4% of our money?" Answer:"We would borrow the extra 1% from another bank. This is called the federal funds rate.""Why is it called that?""Because it sounds like the federal government is in on the deal to make it safer.""You mean like the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation?""Oh, no; that outfit really is a government organization. It guarantees everyone's accounts up to $100,000.""Really? How much does that organization keep in reserve?"About $1.30 cents per $100 in deposits.""And what does it invest the reserve money in?"U.S. Government debt.""So, if there were a run on all of the banks, where would the government get the money to redeem these debts?""By selling new debts to the Federal Reserve System.""Where would that organization get the money?""From its computer. That's where all of the American banking system's money originates. 'The bucks start there,' as we say."

Bells, bells bells:"But if you keep only 3% on reserve, and you lend 97%, where does the money go when the borrower spends it?""Into the bank of the person who sells something to the borrower.""What happens to the money that he deposits?""His bank sets 3% aside and lends out 97%.""Then what?""It just keeps rolling along, multiplying as it goes.""How much money does the system create on the basis of the initial issue of money from the Federal Reserve System's computer?""It's 100 divided by 3, or about 33 to one. Of course, the reserve ratio is higher on large deposits.""But isn't this inflationary, with all that money coming out of the system?""Only if you define inflation as an increase in the money supply, and only weirdo economists do that any more."

The initial injection of money comes when a central bank buys an interest-bearing asset that is legal for it to use in its reserves. Legally, the Federal Reserve System can buy an IOU from any entity, but it usually buys U.S. government debt. By creating the money to buy the IOU, the Fed injects original money into the economy, and the fractional reserve process begins the money multiplication process.

Mises was hostile to fractional reserve banking because of its low cost for increasing the money supply - lower than the cost of mining precious metals. This was the same objection that he brought against State-issued money, which I covered in Part II.

-.-.-

Na jetzt bin ich aber doch etwas erleichtert, daß ich recht hatte.:-))

MfG
th.

Thread gesperrt

gesamter Thread:

Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - thoughtful, 20.03.2006, 20:54
- Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - - Elli -, 20.03.2006, 22:28
  - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - thoughtful, 20.03.2006, 22:39
    - Re: vergessen Sie´s.... - - Elli -, 20.03.2006, 22:57
      - Re: vergessen Sie´s.... - thoughtful, 20.03.2006, 23:26
        Re: vergessen Sie´s.... - - Elli -, 20.03.2006, 23:40
        Re: vergessen Sie´s....jaaaaaaaaaa- aber wirklich! - certina, 21.03.2006, 13:50
        Super. Und so pflanzen sich die Lügen fort und fort... (o.Text) - MI, 22.03.2006, 14:53
        Re: vergessen Sie´s.... - bernor, 21.03.2006, 01:49
        Re: vergessen Sie´s.... - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 02:33
        Re: Konsolidierter Geldschoepfungsthread - Haaalt, bitte bei der Stange... - Tassie Devil, 21.03.2006, 05:56
        KLASSE! Danke! (o.Text) - ---Elli---, 21.03.2006, 11:58
        Re: Konsolidierter Geldschoepfungsthread - Haaalt, bitte bei der Stange... - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 12:44
        Re: Konsolidierter Geldschoepfungsthread - Haaalt, bitte bei der Stange... - Cujo, 21.03.2006, 12:51
        Re: Und genau so haben diese Gelddiskussionen bisher immer geendet...... - - Elli -, 21.03.2006, 13:28
        Re: Und genau so haben diese Gelddiskussionen bisher immer geendet...... - Cujo, 21.03.2006, 13:37
        So nun wieder auch nicht... - fridolin, 22.03.2006, 10:11
        Re: Und genau so haben diese Gelddiskussionen bisher immer geendet...... - ingobert, 23.03.2006, 10:51
        Widerspruch schärft die Perzeption des bereits Gesagten.. - BillyGoatGruff, 21.03.2006, 12:39
        Re: Widerspruch schärft die Perzeption des bereits Gesagten.. - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 13:06
        Re: Wozu die ökonomischen Giganten bemühen? - dottore, 21.03.2006, 19:12
        Re: Wozu die ökonomischen Giganten bemühen? - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 19:46
        Was sagen die dazu? - Burning_Heart, 22.03.2006, 01:03
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 02:05
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 02:17
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - Burning_Heart, 22.03.2006, 10:05
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 10:33
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - - Elli -, 25.03.2006, 19:29
        Re: Soll er doch mal mit Dottore die Sache durchbilanzieren,.... - Theo Stuss, 25.03.2006, 22:19
        Re: Kleiner Nachtrag - Theo Stuss, 25.03.2006, 22:33
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - thoughtful, 25.03.2006, 22:41
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug 2 - thoughtful, 25.03.2006, 22:56
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Cool bleiben... - Holmes, 25.03.2006, 23:49
        Dünne Haut? - Zandow, 26.03.2006, 00:41
        Re: Bevor Du gehst, bitte zuerst alle Fragen beantworten - wuzge, 26.03.2006, 01:03
        Re: Bevor Du gehst, bitte zuerst alle Fragen beantworten - thoughtful, 26.03.2006, 01:38
        Re: Bevor Du gehst, bitte zuerst alle Fragen beantworten - wuzge, 26.03.2006, 08:43
        Re: nur fürs Protokoll - - Elli -, 26.03.2006, 13:46
        Re: Dünne Haut? - thoughtful, 26.03.2006, 01:12
        Re: Gute Idee - Tassie Devil, 26.03.2006, 16:05
        Toller Abgang... - bernor, 26.03.2006, 01:34
        damit habe ich schon seit längerem gerechnet - Yak, 26.03.2006, 11:01
        Re: Geldschöpfung, von hinten durch die Brust ins Auge - Theo Stuss, 26.03.2006, 12:23
        Re: abgelehnt ;-) - Elli (Boardmaster)--, 26.03.2006, 13:53
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug 2 - JN++, 27.03.2006, 12:48
        @JN++ Frage - fridolin, 27.03.2006, 13:00
        Re: @JN++ Frage - JN++, 28.03.2006, 16:11
        Re: Dranbleiben - Holmes, 25.03.2006, 23:42
        Re: Dranbleiben - thoughtful, 26.03.2006, 01:08
        Krisenschaukel - Zandow, 26.03.2006, 00:33
        Re: Genau - Theo Stuss, 26.03.2006, 09:25
        Re: Spätestens jetzt haben Sie sich auf das selbe Niveu wie Hannich & Oldy... - - Elli -, 26.03.2006, 13:26
        Re: dottore nicht sakrosankt? - CRASH_GURU, 04.04.2006, 10:43
        Seh es doch mal so - VictorX, 04.04.2006, 10:52
        Re:Seh es doch mal so-in dem Zusammenhang: Wo ist denn R. Deutsch abgeblieben? (o.Text) - kizkalesi, 04.04.2006, 13:39
        Re: Seh es doch mal so - CRASH_GURU, 04.04.2006, 16:23
        Letzte Verwarnung (o.Text) - Elli (Boardmaster)--, 04.04.2006, 18:49
        Re: Letzte Verwarnung.. Für was? Bitte etwas konkreter. (o.Text) - Freddi, 04.04.2006, 21:08
        Re: das galt NICHT für DICH (o.Text) - - Elli -, 04.04.2006, 21:57
        Re: Letzte Verwarnung (o.Text) - Cujo, 04.04.2006, 21:26
        Re: überlesen - - Elli -, 04.04.2006, 22:00
        Was ist denn das für ein Ton? - Samsara, 05.04.2006, 15:39
        Re: ein harmloser - - Elli -, 05.04.2006, 16:07
        Re: Fettnapf - Tassie Devil, 05.04.2006, 23:12
        Re: Du möchtest wohl, daß ich die Email mit meiner Bankverb. hier reinstelle -:) - CRASH_GURU, 05.04.2006, 18:40
        Re: Ich möchte, dass du das Forum mit deinen Problemen in Ruhe lässt - Elli (Boardmaster)--, 05.04.2006, 18:59
        Re: Immer diese Halbwahrheiten - Tassie Devil, 05.04.2006, 23:41
        Re: Letzte Verwarnung (o.Text) - CRASH_GURU, 05.04.2006, 08:26
        Re: dottore nicht sakrosankt? - SchlauFuchs, 04.04.2006, 10:53
        Re: dottore nicht sakrosankt? - CRASH_GURU, 04.04.2006, 13:15
        Re: dottore nicht sakrosankt? - - Elli -, 04.04.2006, 11:48
        Re: dottore nicht sakrosankt? - CRASH_GURU, 04.04.2006, 13:13
        Eine Lanze for @dottore - sensortimecom, 05.04.2006, 09:54
        Re: Eine Lanze for @dottore - CRASH_GURU, 05.04.2006, 10:37
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - ingobert, 25.03.2006, 18:53
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Ergänzug - Burning_Heart, 27.03.2006, 12:30
        Gedankenexperiment - fridolin, 22.03.2006, 10:27
        Re: Gedankenexperiment - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 10:43
        Re: Keine Bange - genügend Banknoten vorhanden! - dottore, 22.03.2006, 14:15
        Re: @thoughtful: Woher kommt eigentlich der Begriff des Kapitals? - Theo Stuss, 22.03.2006, 09:06
        Re: @thoughtful: Woher kommt eigentlich der Begriff des Kapitals? - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 10:12
        Re: Welchen Sinn hat denn eine Bilanz ohne den Staat? - Theo Stuss, 22.03.2006, 14:14
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Student, 22.03.2006, 11:26
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 13:19
        Re: Was sagen die dazu? - Student, 22.03.2006, 14:09
        Re: Alle Banker sofort entmündigen! - dottore, 22.03.2006, 14:01
        Re: @thoughtful: your turn - - Elli -, 22.03.2006, 20:05
        Re: Alle Banker sofort entmündigen! - thoughtful, 22.03.2006, 23:14
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Tassie Devil, 23.03.2006, 02:15
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - fridolin, 23.03.2006, 08:19
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Student, 23.03.2006, 10:25
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Tassie Devil, 24.03.2006, 05:15
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - thoughtful, 23.03.2006, 18:21
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern / hatten wir schon - - Elli -, 23.03.2006, 18:51
        @Elli: Graphik - fridolin, 23.03.2006, 19:25
        Re: @Elli: Graphik / mit Powerpoint (o.Text) - - Elli -, 23.03.2006, 20:34
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Tassie Devil, 24.03.2006, 03:58
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Tassie - nereus, 24.03.2006, 07:44
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - - Student, 24.03.2006, 11:06
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Student - nereus, 24.03.2006, 14:58
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Tassie - Liated mi Lefuet, 24.03.2006, 11:34
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - an Teufel 2, der für die Details - nereus, 24.03.2006, 14:49
        Re: Die Mixtur, nereus... - dottore, 24.03.2006, 19:33
        @Student oder @dottore - Dazulerner, 24.03.2006, 21:24
        Re: D'rauf kommen - Student, 25.03.2006, 08:51
        Re: D'rauf kommen - Dazulerner, 25.03.2006, 15:20
        Re: Die Mixtur, nereus... - thoughtful, 25.03.2006, 00:24
        Re: Knollenschöpfung oder: Gelegenheiten muß man beim Schopfe packen. - Student, 25.03.2006, 09:34
        Re: Traumstück eines wahren Könners (genau so ist's in CH) (o.Text) - dottore, 24.03.2006, 19:15
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Liated - Tassie Devil, 25.03.2006, 04:02
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - nereus - Tassie Devil, 25.03.2006, 03:03
        Re: Surrogat von ZB-Geldern - Student, 24.03.2006, 09:44
        Re: Dicht daneben ist auch vorbei ;-((( - Tassie Devil, 25.03.2006, 02:09
        Re: Alle Banker sofort entmündigen! / Vermögensverwalter auch ;-) - - Elli -, 23.03.2006, 13:36
        Re: Alle Banker sofort entmündigen! - dottore, 23.03.2006, 19:41
        Re: Alle Banker sofort entmündigen! / ZB 1 und ZB2 - Student, 24.03.2006, 18:02
        Re: Exzellent! Gehe darauf noch (bestätigend) ein (o.Text) - dottore, 24.03.2006, 19:04
        @Student ZB1 und ZB2 - Liated mi Lefuet, 27.03.2006, 21:31
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Student, 27.03.2006, 23:30
        @Student ZB1 und ZB2 - Liated mi Lefuet, 06.04.2006, 13:21
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Liated - Student, 07.04.2006, 13:27
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Liated - katzama, 09.04.2006, 16:59
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Student, 09.04.2006, 18:00
        Können auch AG´s für die Geldvermehrung verantwortlich sein? - katzama, 11.04.2006, 07:18
        Re: Können auch AG´s für die Geldvermehrung verantwortlich sein? - Student, 13.04.2006, 12:48
        Re: Können auch AG´s für die Geldvermehrung verantwortlich sein? - katzama, 21.04.2006, 00:58
        Re: Alle Banker sofort entmündigen! / ZB 1 und ZB2 - katzama, 04.04.2006, 00:41
        Re: ZB 1 und ZB2 - Student, 04.04.2006, 15:55
        Re: ZB 1 und ZB2 - katzama, 04.04.2006, 23:43
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Student, 05.04.2006, 15:31
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - katzama, 06.04.2006, 13:38
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Katzama - Student, 09.04.2006, 11:21
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Katzama - katzama, 09.04.2006, 19:11
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Student, 10.04.2006, 01:02
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - katzama, 11.04.2006, 08:41
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Katzama - Student, 13.04.2006, 11:25
        Re: ZB1 und ZB2 - Katzama - katzama, 21.04.2006, 00:10
    - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - Dazulerner, 21.03.2006, 06:52
  - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken / Zusatz - - Elli -, 20.03.2006, 22:44
    - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken / Zusatz - thoughtful, 20.03.2006, 22:48
- Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - Dazulerner, 20.03.2006, 22:38
  - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - thoughtful, 20.03.2006, 22:47
    - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken / dann weitersuchen - - Elli -, 20.03.2006, 23:03
- Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - Divinum, 21.03.2006, 00:00
  - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 01:01
  - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - Frank, 21.03.2006, 12:05
- Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 02:27
  - Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken / Geld, Kredit und Abgabengut - Student, 21.03.2006, 11:04
    - Re: Kleine Korrektur:-( - Student, 21.03.2006, 11:33
      - Re: Kleine Korrektur:-( - Dazulerner, 21.03.2006, 12:00
        Re: Kleine Korrektur:-( / Passivposten - Student, 21.03.2006, 12:45
        Re: Kleine Korrektur:-( / Passivposten - Dazulerner, 21.03.2006, 13:04
  - Re: GBs verschulden sich gegenüber Kunden? Es gibt kein Schuldnergeld! - dottore, 26.03.2006, 16:36
    - Re: Das Merke soll heißen: Leihe ist nicht Kredit. Sorry! (o.Text) - dottore, 26.03.2006, 16:50
      - Re: im Original korrigiert (o.Text) - - Elli -, 26.03.2006, 16:57
    - Vollbremsung - Zandow, 27.03.2006, 03:56
      - Re: Leihe, Titel, Kredit - dottore, 27.03.2006, 12:11
        Re: Ergänzung/Korrektur - dottore, 27.03.2006, 14:07
        Trab - Zandow, 28.03.2006, 22:38
        Re: Trab - Holmes, 29.03.2006, 01:15
        Bewußtsein und Mord am Altar - Zandow, 29.03.2006, 04:03
        Re: Bewußtsein und Mord am Altar - Holmes, 29.03.2006, 11:27
    - Immer die gleiche Verwechslung? - JN++, 27.03.2006, 10:57
- Re: Geldschöpfung durch Geschäftsbanken - thoughtful, 21.03.2006, 18:45