Hi Scheich,
>Es muß also ein starker Vertrag her, der die einzelnen Teilnehmer an der Währungsunion zu strikter Fiskaldisziplin zwingt. Dazu gehört auch die Möglichkeit der Sanktionierung.
Die gibt's selbstberständlich. Staaten, die sich nicht an die 3,0% vom BIP als max. zusätzliche Staatsverschuldung halten, müssen Sanktionen bezahlen, allerdings ziemlich maue und mit Zeitverzögerung usw., usw.
Eichel kriegt deshalb demnächst den"blauen Brief" aus Brüssel.
>Ist das denn mit dem Maastricht-Vertrag gegeben? Und was ist mit"tier-2"? Wo gibt es gute Grundsatzliteratur zu diesen Fragen, insbesondere den letzten beiden? Dottore?
Steht eigentlich alles im Maastrichter Vertrag. Siehe unten. tier-2 hat mit den Budgetdefiziten nichts zu tun. Darin stehen nur die Titel, welche doe EZB reinnehmen darf (Unterschied zu tier-1 vor allem: auch nicht marktgängige Staatspapiere, auch Aktien, o.ä.).
Literaturen en masse. Aber für Deine Zwecke reichen die Vertragstexte.
Gruß
d.
Text aus dem Maastrichter"Protocoll":
PROTOCOL
<font color="FF0000">ON THE EXCESSIVE DEFICIT PROCEDURE</font>
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES
DESIRING to lay down the details of the excessive deficit procedure referred to in Article 104c of the treaty establishing the European
Community,
HAVE AGREED upon the following provisions, which shall be annexed to the Treaty establishing the European Community:
ARTICLE 1
The reference values referred to in Article 104c(2) of this Treaty are:
<font color="FF0000">3% for the ratio of the planned or actual government deficit to gross domestic product at market prices;
60% for the ratio of government debt to gross domestic product at market prices.</font>
ARTICLE 2
In Article 104c of this Treaty and in this Protocol:
government means general government, <font color="FF0000">that is central government, regional or local government and social security funds,</font> to the
exclusion of commercial operations, as defined in the European System of Integrated Economic Accounts;
deficit means net borrowing as defined in the European System of Integrated Economic Accounts;
investment means gross fixed capital formation as defined in the European System of Integrated Economic Accounts;
debt means total gross debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year and consolidated between and within the sectors of
general government as defined in the first indent.
ARTICLE 3
In order to ensure the effectiveness of the excessive deficit procedure, the governments of the Member States shall be responsible under
this procedure for the deficits of general government as defined in the first indent of Article 2. The Member States shall ensure that
national procedures in the Budgetary area enable them to meet their obligations in this area deriving from this Treaty. <font color="FF0000">The Member States
shall report their planned and actual deficits and the levels of their debt promptly and regularly to the Commission. </font>
ARTICLE 4.
The statistical data to be used for the application of this Protocol shall be provided by the Commission.
Und weiter unten vergraben, etwas konkreter:
2. The Commission shall <font color="FF0000">monitor</font> the development of the budgetary situation and of the stock of
government debt in the Member States with a view to identifying gross errors. In particular it shall
examine compliance with budgetary discipline on the basis of the following two criteria:
(a) whether the ratio of the planned or actual government deficit to gross domestic product exceeds a
reference value, unless
- either the ratio has declined substantially and continuously and reached a level that comes close to
the reference value;
Der"Italien-Fall"
- or, alternatively, the excess over the reference value is only exceptional and temporary and the ratio
remains close to the reference value;
(b) whether the ratio of government debt to gross domestic product exceeds a reference value, unless
the ratio is sufficiently diminishing and approaching the reference value at a satisfactory pace.
The reference values are specified in the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to this
Treaty.
3. If a Member State does not fulfil the requirements under one or both of these criteria, the
Commission shall prepare a report. The report of the Commission shall also take into account whether
the government deficit exceeds government investment expenditure and take into account all other
relevant factors, including the medium term economic and budgetary position of the Member State.
Larifari."Medium term" ist alles.
The Commission may also prepare a report if, notwithstanding the fulfilment of the requirements under
the criteria, it is of the opinion that there is a risk of an excessive deficit in a Member State.
4. The Committee provided for in ARTICLE 109c shall formulate an opinion on the report of the
Commission.
5. If the Commission considers that an excessive deficit in a Member State exists or may occur, the
Commission shall address an opinion to the Council.
6. The Council shall, acting by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the Commission, and
having considered any observations which the Member State concerned may wish to make, decide after
an overall assessment whether an excessive deficit exists.
7. Where the existence of an excessive deficit is decided according to paragraph 6, the Council shall
make recommendations to the Member State concerned with a view to bringing that situation to an end
within a given period. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 8, <font color="FF0000">these recommendations shall not be
made public.</font>
8. Where it establishes that there has been no effective action in response to its recommendations
within the period laid down, <font color="FF0000">the Council may make its recommendations public.</font>
9. If a Member State persists in failing to put into practice the recommendations of the Council, the
Council may decided to give notice to the Member State to take, within a specified time limit, measures
for the deficit reduction which is judged necessary by the Council in order to remedy the situation.
In such a case, the Council may request the Member State concerned to submit reports in accordance
with a specific timetable in order to examine the adjustment efforts of that Member State.
10. The rights to bring actions provided for in ARTICLEs 169 and 170 may not be exercised
within the framework of paragraphs 1 to 9 of the Article.
11. As long as a Member State fails to comply with a decision taken in accordance with paragraph 9,
the Council may decide to apply or, as the case may be, intensify one or more of the following
measures:
- to require that the Member State concerned shall publish additional information, to be specified by the
Council, <font color="FF0000">before issuing bonds and securities;</font>
DAS tut weh!
- to invite the European Investment Bank to reconsider its lending policy towards the Member State
concerned;
<font color="FF0000">- to require that the Member State concerned makes a non- interest-bearing deposit of an appropriate
size with the community until the excessive deficit has, in the view of the Council, been corrected;
- to impose fines of an appropriate size.</font>
The President of the Council shall inform the European Parliament of the decisions taken.
Diese"Fines" sind auch irgendwo andeutungsweise geregelt, müsste sich aber etxra suchen.
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