-->Hi Tofir,
seit Jahren ist ja bekannt, dass China eine strategische Ã-lreserve anlegen will. Ihre Unabhängigkeit wollen sie zudem durch eigene Tanker (Transport) und Eröffnen bereits stillgelegter Produktionsstätten erreichen.
Im Gesamtjahr 2003 haben sie für 16 Mrd. USD Ã-l und Erdölprodukte importiert (Meldung 1 weiter unten), während sie bereits nur an Treasuries ihren Bestand in 2003 bis Ende Nov. um 25,4 Mrd. USD erhöht haben.
Das ganze Projekt soll bis 2010 laufen, wenn man von 70-75 Tagen Reserve ausgeht, beim Preis und Verbrauch für 2003 (inbesondere letzteres ist natürlich zu niedrig), ergeben sich ca. 7,7 Mrd. USD jährlich für Ã-l.
Das zieht zwar Dollarreserven ab, aber ist das wirklich bedeutend?
Als Meldung 2 noch die ausführlichere, englische Grundlage der deutschen Meldung.
Gruss
Cosa
Meldung 1:
Chinese Oil Imports Exceeds 100 Million Tons in 2003
China imported 91.12 million tons of crude oil and 28.24 million tons of refined oil in 2003, up 31.3 percent and 38.8 percent year-on-year respectively, the customs said Sunday.
China spent a total of US$16.5 billion for the imports, increasing by half from a year earlier, according to the General Administration of Customs.
Trade experts attributed the sharp rise to China's soaring economy, which grew by 9.1 percent last year and prompted demand for energy resources.
The rising consumption of motor vehicles and housing also contributed to the growing demand for oil products.
China had 96.5 million motor vehicles on road by 2003, when 2.07 million cars were produced and 2.04 million were sold. Car production is projected to top 2.8 million this year, a jump of 40 percent year-on-year.
Experts predicted that China would import more than 500 million tons of oil and over 100 billion cubic meters of natural gas in 2020.
(Xinhua News Agency February 8, 2004)
Quelle: http://www.china.org.cn/english/2004/Feb/86589.htm
Meldung 2:
China setting up strategic oil reserve
By Michael Mackey
SHANGHAI - In an effort to reverse the growth of its dependence on foreign oil, China - a huge oil producer and once an exporter - is establishing a 70-75-day strategic petroleum reserve in four locations, and the first phase is scheduled to be completed in 2007. By 2020, China is expected to import 60 percent of its oil.
Total price tag: at least US$725 million for the four locations, scheduled to be completed by 2010 - maybe.
Although China's main source of energy is coal, it also dependent on oil and it is now the world's fastest-growing importer. China is the world's fifth-largest oil producer, but its reserves would last only a week.
Last May, China's State Council set up a strategic State Oil Reserves Project, but only made the decision public late last year. The State Council, an executive, cabinet-level body, has adopted a four-location blueprint and is close to approving details of the first phase of construction in Aoshan in Zhejiang province on the coast south of Shanghai.
The three-person Oil Reserves Office is headed by Bai Rongchun, who is also director general of the National Development and Reform Commission's Energy Bureau. The bureau is charged with assessing the national energy situation, evaluating future needs and recommending strategic policy changes that will ensure oil, coal and hydroelectric power to fuel economic growth.
The oil-reserve blueprint calls for four physical projects, all of them on the coast in the south and north so that port facilities can receive oil shipments. Two projects will be in Zhejiang province, one of them in Aoshan and another in Zhenhai. The other two projects will be in Huangdao in Shandong province north of Shanghai and in Dalian in Liaoning province in the north. The east coast is emerging as China's economic and industrial core.
Projected investment $725 million
These will require total investment of 6 billion yuan ($724.9 million). The China Daily and official media also report that these four will be completed by 2010 and will hold 70-75 days worth of oil, probably much of it imports. The oil tanks for the first phase will hold more than 10 million cubic meters, according to the China International Engineering Consultancy Co. Other sources say the volume will be somewhat greater.
The first phase in Aoshan is expected to cover 120-150 hectares and include a port capable of docking ships with a deadweight tonnage of 250,000. It will require an investment of 3 billion yuan ($362.7 million) to build oil tanks with a volume of 5 million cubic meters by 2007.
Zhenhai, also in Zhejiang, is expected to have the same facilities and cost about the same. No details were immediately available on the other two sites.
The government plans to finance the reserve with a special fiscal allocation and it is very likely to issue long-term state treasury bonds, establish a special investment fund, come up with new types of taxes and/or launch an oil-futures market, although a final decision has not yet been made.
The government is considering launching a specialized institution, possibly a national oil-reserves corporation, to be in charge of construction, as well as management and operation of the reserves.
China is setting up the reserve for two major, related reasons.
China too dependent on Middle East oil
The crux of the problem is that China is becoming increasingly dependent on foreign oil as its economy booms and its own reserves dwindle. That's the economic part of the problem. The second, geopolitical part is that about four-fifths of China's oil imports come from unstable parts of the world, such as the Middle East.
Last year China imported 72 million tons of crude oil during the first 10 months, 13 million more than during the same period of 2002. It is now the world's second-largest importer, despite being a net exporter until 1993. China expects to import 120 million tons in 2004 and by 2020 it will be importing 60 percent of its oil.
China is experiencing a drop in production. Daqing in the northeast, the country's biggest oilfield, will see its output slide 4.3 percent to 46.3 million tonnes this year. This drop comes at a time when China already is experiencing blackouts while industrial and consumer demand is surging.
A strategic reserve would enable Beijing to cope with international crises, such as political upheaval in the Middle East that could disrupt its oil supply. A reserve also would flatten domestic oil prices when there are international price hikes - an important political consideration because lower oil prices will keep down the prices of domestic manufactured goods. The fallout from unchecked rising oil prices also could mean destabilizing popular discontent.
China may well see another financial advantage in establishing an oil reserve, though it would be sensitive to negotiate and implement. If China were to stock the reserves with foreign oil - a big"if" in itself, as it raises questions not just about the price of the deal but also about the politics behind it - it would be spending some valuable foreign currency to buy the oil. This, in turn, could reduce pressure on Beijing to revalue the yuan. The United States especially wants China to revalue its currency upward, arguing that the current rate of valuation is too low and thus Chinese goods are underpriced in world markets - to the detriment of competing US sellers.
Oil reserve just one step to energy security
Establishing a strategic oil reserve is not an isolated project, but one of several steps undertaken to increase energy security. These include launching the first national geological survey on oil deposits and creating a long-term energy policy.
China is also considering directing its domestic crude tanker fleet to transport half the nation's oil imports by 2005 in a $10 billion program to improve the security of oil supply.
As China tries to cope with its economic juggernaut, problems of conflict, coordination and division of labor between government and business emerge, and this is especially true in the setting-up of a strategic oil reserve. The new State Oil Reserve Office, for example, presents the spectacle of the government engaged in business, while trying to carry on as a government and not to interfere too much in the workings of the three big Chinese oil companies - Sinopec, China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC) and PetroChina.
"State oil reserves are not business-oriented," one official from the State Oil Reserves Office told the China Daily, Hong Kong edition."The costs should be shouldered by the state." Others take the view that China's oil companies should play a larger role.
The State Oil Reserves Office has said it will not interfere in the business operations of the three companies and neither will the companies participate directly in the operations of the reserves office. The government will work out policy and taxation incentives, while the three companies are expected to play an important role in building the state reserves - as well as their own oil stockpiles.
Much remains to be done in defining public, quasi-public and quasi-private roles in establishing and maintaining the oil reserves. And making sure the rules are observed is a recurring problem for any business in China. The business culture and the government's role in it are evolving rapidly, but they often appear to be in collusion.
In a recent report on China's oil-and-gas, power, and airlines sectors, the ratings agency Moody's said they have strong growth prospects but warned of a"a lack of transparency in government policy, corporate structure and practices".
Quelle: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FB07Ad02.html
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